Biography of Diego de Almagro, Spanish Conquistador

Biography of Diego de Almagro, Spanish Conquistador Diego de Almagro (1475–July 8, 1538) was a Spanish soldier and conquistador, famous for his role in the defeat of the Inca Empire in Peru and Ecuador and his later participation in a bloody civil war among the victorious conquistadors. He rose from humble beginnings in Spain to a position of wealth and power in the New World, only to be defeated by his former friend and ally Francisco Pizarro. His name is often associated with Chile: He led an expedition of exploration and conquest there in the 1530s, although he found the land and its people too harsh and tough. Fast Facts: Diego de Almagro Known For: Helped conquer the Inca EmpireBorn: 1475 in Almagro, Castile (now Spain)Parents: Juan de Montenegro, Elvira Gutià ©rrezDied: July 8, 1538 in Cuzco, PeruSpouse: Ana Martinez  Children: Diego de  Almagro el Mozo Early Life Diego de Almagro was born illegitimately in Almagro, in present-day Spain, which explains why his name is based on his place of birth rather than his parents, Juan de Montenegro and Elvira Gutià ©rrez. According to most accounts, his father shunned him; when he was very young he was raised by his mother or a servant of his mother. At any rate, his parents were of little help to him as he grew up. Later, he was raised by his maternal uncle Hernn Gutià ©rrez, but he is believed to have struck out on his own around age 15. At some point, he is thought to have served in the Spanish navy. By 1514 he was in the New World- possibly after killing a man in a fight- having arrived with the fleet of Pedrarà ­as Dvila, a colonial administrator. A tough, determined, ruthless soldier, Almagro quickly rose through the ranks of the adventurers who were conquering the New World. He was older than most, approaching 40 by the time of his arrival in Panama. He eventually took a common-law wife, Ana Martinez, and they had a son, Diego de Almagro el Mozo. The latter part of the sons name is variously translated as the younger or the lad. Panama Gov. Dvilas first mainland outpost was created in the isthmus of Panama. The spot that Dvila picked for the settlement was humid and buggy, and the settlement struggled to survive. The highlight of this period was without a doubt Vasco Nà ºÃƒ ±ez de Balboas overland voyage that discovered the Pacific Ocean. Three of the hardened soldiers of the Panama expedition were Almagro, Francisco Pizarro, and the priest Hernando de Luque. Almagro and Pizarro were important officers and soldiers, having participated by this time in various expeditions. Exploring the South Almagro and Pizarro remained in Panama for a few years before receiving news of Hernn Cortà ©s’ stunning conquest of the Aztec Empire. Together with Luque, the two men put together a proposal to the Spanish king to outfit and direct an expedition of a conquest to the south. The Inca Empire was as yet unknown to the Spanish: they had no idea who or what they would find down south. The king accepted the proposal, and Pizarro set forth with about 200 men. Almagro remained in Panama to send men and supplies to Pizarro. Conquest of the Inca In 1532, Almagro heard that Pizarro and 170 men had captured the Inca Emperor Atahualpa and were ransoming him for a treasure unlike any the world had ever seen. Almagro hurriedly gathered reinforcements and departed for present-day Peru, catching up with his old partner in April 1533. His 150 well-armed Spaniards were a welcome sight to Pizarro. Soon the conquistadors began hearing rumors of the approach of an Inca army under Gen. Rumià ±ahui. In a panic, they decided to execute Atahualpa. The Spanish somehow managed to hold onto the Empire. Troubles with Pizarro Once the Inca Empire was pacified, Almagro and Pizarro began having troubles. The crown’s division of Peru was vague: The wealthy city of Cuzco fell under Almagro’s jurisdiction, but the powerful Pizarro and his brothers held it. Almagro went north and participated in the conquest of Quito, but the north was not as rich. Almagro seethed at what he saw as Pizarros schemes to cut him out of the New World loot. He met with Pizarro and it was decided in 1534 that Almagro would take a large force south into present-day Chile, following rumors of vast wealth. His issues with Pizarro were left unsettled. Chile The rumors turned out to be false, and the journey was arduous. The conquistadors had to cross the treacherous, mighty Andes, which took the lives of several Spaniards and countless African slaves and native allies. Once they arrived, they found Chile to be a harsh land, full of tough-as-nails Mapuche natives who fought Almagro and his men on several occasions. After two years of exploring and finding no rich empires like the Aztecs or Incas, Almagro’s men prevailed upon him to return to Peru and claim Cuzco as his own. Civil War Almagro returned to Peru in 1537 to find Manco Inca, an Inca prince who had been a puppet ruler of the Inca Empire, in open revolt against Pizarros forces, who were on the defensive in the highlands and the city of Lima. Almagros army was weary and tattered but still formidable, and he was able to drive off Manco. Almagro saw the revolt as an opportunity to seize Cuzco and quickly engaged the Spaniards who were loyal to Pizarro. He had the upper hand at first, but Pizarro sent another force up from Lima in early 1538. They soundly defeated Almagro and his men at the battle of Las Salinas. Death Almagro fled to Cuzco, but men loyal to the Pizarro brothers pursued and captured him there. Almagro was sentenced to death, a move that stunned most of the Spanish in Peru, as he had been elevated to a nobleman by the Spanish king some years before. He was executed by garrote, an iron collar slowly tightened around the neck, on July 8, 1538, and his body was put on public display. Legacy The unexpected execution of Almagro had far-reaching consequences for the Pizarro brothers, turning many against them in the New World as well as in Spain. The civil wars did not end. In 1542 Almagro’s son, then 22, led a revolt that resulted in the murder of Francisco Pizarro. Almagro the Younger was quickly caught and executed, ending Almagro’s direct line. Today, Almagro is remembered chiefly in Chile, where he is considered an important pioneer even though he left no real lasting legacy there other than having explored some of it. Pedro de Valdivia, one of Pizarro’s lieutenants, finally conquered and settled Chile. Sources Hemming, John. The Conquest of the Inca. Pan Books, 2004.Herring, Hubert. A History of Latin America From the Beginnings to the Present. Alfred A. Knopf, 1962.Diego de Almagro. Euston.Diego de Almagro. Encyclopedia.com.Diego de Almagro: Spanish Conquistador. Encyclopedia Brittanica.

Apt Accuracy in Forecasting Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Apt Accuracy in Forecasting - Essay Example In addition, the problem situation entails exploring other available techniques that can be used to improve short-term forecasting on an annual, quarterly and monthly basis (Emerson, 2003). On a similar note, the firm is interested in long-term forecasting ranging from 2-3 years and generation of inflation forecasts. For proper maintenance of the balance between the company objectives and customer prospects, it should be assumed that the EBBD managers are habitually required to bestow better service with limited resources (Fildes & Allen, 2011). The EBBD’s approach in forecasting is not only an estimation of future business but also an appeal of resources, which will ensure a steady supply of the product (Fildes & Allen, 2011). The assumption that, the monthly costs and operational budget reviews are prolific then it follows that this process is expected to provide desired results. An assumption that, this environment is constant, the benefits of effective forecasting are numerous. It is imperative to note that, placing a determined amount of product in a forecasting process, expectations that both the resources and the products are available to remain fundamental. (Fildes & Allen, 2011). This stage requires apt accuracy in a bid to meet the expectations with limited fluctuations. EBBD management like those of other companies operates under the environment of risk and uncertainty. It is imperative to note that, one of the key instruments of reducing risk in decision-making processes is forecasting. It is assumed that an immense difference exists between forecasting intended for an existing product and that intended for a new product (Fildes & Allen, 2011). Proper application of forecasting in each case can be critically ascertained in each case.

Impact of homogeny and heterogeny on globalization Term Paper

Impact of homogeny and heterogeny on globalization - Term Paper Example It, however, equally suggests some form of commonality, albeit the imposed one. This, therefore, implies that English represents a similarity of thought and culture. In both cases, the notions tend to suggest some level of homogeneity occurring as a result of shared language. The alternative versions of spread of English globally proposes a heterogeneous versions, in which there are many worlds and Englishes. There has divergence views on the impact of homogeneity and heterogeneity on globalization, colonization and imperialism. For some studies, homogeneity and heterogeny impacts negatively on globalization and leads to colonization and imperialism, for some heterogeny and homogeneity impacts positively on globalization (MckaySanda 90). In this paper, we propose a research to ascertain the relationship between heterogeny, and homogeny. It seek to argue that the heterogeneous version has its flaws, based upon a supposedly pluralisation of Englishes that is based around new emergent n ational linguistic identities. The rest of the proposed research will deal with various issues from many perspectives. It will open up the understanding of current issues with regard to community of English speakers. It will argue that there can be no understanding of English without appreciating globalization as a local and global process, as both an oppositional and an impositional set of relations producing something new. Firstly, the paper will look at the current debate over the spread of English globally, looking at arguments over heterogeny and homogeny in the world.

Moral and Ethical Values in Engineering Industry

Moral and Ethical Values in Engineering Industry MORAL ETHICAL VALUES IN AN INDUSTRY AS AN ENGINEER There are three main Moral Ethical values in an industry, which an engineer is always obliged to obey, these values not only helps the industry but also benefits equally an Engineers personal gain. These three main points are: Professional Duties Ethical Values Human Values An Engineers good conduct (as captured in professional codes of conduct) toward other engineers, toward employers, toward clients, and toward the public is an essential part of the life of a professional engineer while remaining in the industry. As professionals, engineers need to internalize their codes and to realize that they have a personal stake in the application of codes as well as the process of developing the codes As professionals, engineers should try their best to solve every problem. i.e. If a problem situation is related to other engineer field, an engineer should know at least the know-how to solve that problem. Engineers should always respect their field rules as per their fields literature. In industry, an Engineer is responsible to think about the interaction of technology and society, because engineers are the ones who create all of technology. In industry, the central focus of an engineers profession must be on the application of scientific knowledge and creative thinking to meet societal needs. Engineers must bring both the industry name and his profession to the equal level so that there will not be any defaming situation created in any of both cases. In an industry, the purpose of the scientist is to know things, while that of the engineer is to perform on things and invent. The scientist enhances to the stock of confirmed, organized information of the corporal realm while an engineer fetches this information to stand on real-world problems. In an industry, an engineer is not allowed to choose the problem that comforts him; he must resolve problems as they arise. A solution to the given problem by an engineer in an industry must be reliable, cheap and most importantly safe. An engineer should keep paramount the safety, health and welfare of the public. An engineer should always avoid any type deceiving acts. An engineer should do amenities only in the zones of their capability. Engineers should shoulder projects lonely when qualified by schooling or knowledge in the precise technical fields involved. As a professional engineer, he must turn for each employer or customer as faithful agents or representatives. Engineers must conduct themselves morally, dutifully, morally, and legally so as to improve the integrity, standing, and practicality of the occupation. Engineers should support only those engineering forms that are in conformism with appropriate standards. Engineers may show openly practical thoughts that are established upon facts and competency in the topic matter. Engineers should not assist or support the illegal exercise of engineering by an individual or firm. Time is money-that well-known proverb must be every engineers priority working in an industry. An engineer should have human moral awareness (skills in knowing moral glitches in engineering) Forceful moral perceptive (understanding, measuring dissimilar views) An engineer should always keep in the view about the effects on the human health caused due to the industries. An engineer should pay his complete attention to his work especially when working on forums related to human moral values. An engineer must use moral message, to show and upkeep ones technical opinions to others. Moral sensibleness i.e., eager and talented to be ethically technically responsible for human lives. An engineer must respect for people, which shows apprehension for the well-being of humankind. While proposing an idea to an industry, an engineer must keep in mind that his/her project is eco-friendly, that in turn is ultimately beneficial for the mankind. An engineer must keep moral confidence i.e., trust in using lucid discussion for undertaking ethical engagements. Honesty, which incomes moral truthfulness, and assimilating ones proficient life and individual beliefs.

Models of Organized Crimeexecutive Summary

Models of Organized Crime Executive Summary Jennifer Peel CJA/384 November 26, 2012 Marco Faggione Models of Organized Crime Executive Summary Within the criminal justice field there are two different types of organizations and those organizations are bureaucratic and patron-client organizations. This paper will discuss the several assorted reasons why and how the bureaucratic and patron-client organizations are different. The patron-client organization chooses to break the law. On the other hand, the bureaucratic organizations are those that are there to enforce it.Although there are many differences between these two organizations, they also have commonalities. This paper will address so many more ways that make these two unique types of organizations different. The Patron-client Organization A patron-client organization is an assembly of criminal individuals who swapped data and assembled a successful system between the main bosses and important political figures. The patron-clien t organization is typically organized using a hierarchy system which consists of one boss, an underboss, an advisor, captains, and members.The main boss hands down commands to the underboss. The underboss relates the information to captains, who also has lackeys to do the dirty work. All members of a patron-client organization must go through prior initiation. Moreover, patron-client organizations are similar to a very close family in the top tier. The patron-client appears to recruit solely within their group. They tend to identify members with a common factor for recruitment. All members may be of the same ethnic group, family or other common factor.When it comes to the lower level, with the members, that tightness spreads out some. With this allowance of a somewhat spider web manner, there is a better chance of elusiveness when it come to the head figures. This way, the main bosses are able to evade apprehension as well as initial detection form the justice system. The organizati on is then able to continue daily operations with no issues (Lyman, 2007). When it comes to the patron-client organization control is a special problem ecause of the amount of people in the organization and the length of communication of commands have to travel. So the inability to establish command oversight with the leaders in management with the members in the lower tiers is a large problem (â€Å"Florida International University†, 2007). Something that this group provides is economic aid and protection from outside influences that their clients may be facing. While the group is providing this service, the client will repay the organization with such things like intangible items like loyalty to the organization in the future and esteem.The patrons of the organization will act as power brokers for their clients and the rest of society. The Bureaucratic Organization Bureaucratic organizations are more official consisting of hard guidelines, protocols, practices, and procedur es. This is unlike the patron-client organization because without administrative approval, the low ranked members may not make any decisions. Called the red tape rule, administration must process the formal documentation before processing all major decisions.Unlike the patron-client organization, which the lower level members can make small decisions without any approval as long as it benefits the organization. If there are no benefits to the organization, the member will receive some sort of punishment. A bureaucratic organization, blames financial troubles solely on the administrations whereas in a patron-client organization, holding everyone financially responsible and involving all members in the success or failure of the organization (WeeKoh, 2009). The SimilaritiesAll criminal organization models consist of comparisons and contrasts but the main purpose is to benefit law enforcement, researchers, society, and professionals with a better understanding of how criminal organizati ons develop domestically and internationally. Professional psychologists, sociologists, and criminologist’s base models on corroborating studies, data, facts, and creditable arguments collected. The information that presented focuses on organizational structure, function and reason, participants, and clients.In addition, each model incorporates detail specific unique features. The models presented are tools that provide answers to questions, offer an explanation to why individuals engage in illegal activity, how criminal organizations develop, and why most criminal organizations are successful. These are just a few of the similarities that exist (Lyman, 2007). Although it appears there are more similarities in both the bureaucratic and patron-client organizations such as their involvement in both legitimate and illegitimate means of business.Both parties hide behind legitimate businesses to cover alternative means of business opportunities, and both parties follow a structure d and strictly regulated organization with various levels of power. The Differences The main difference between the two organizations is the shared opportunities and contributions to the organization. The patron-client appears to welcome the input and contributions of each member which gives each member the sense of pride and empowerment as a group that is lacking with the bureaucratic organization.Failure in the bureaucratic organization is blamed on the negligence of those in charge, not in the failure as a group which would be the perception of the patron-client organization. The differences between bureaucratic and patron-client organizations are visible as bureaucratic deals with offices that do things by the law. They do not take extensive training in customer service and do not concentrate on being nice. The offices that are being referred to are government offices such as Welfare, DMV, and Section 8.In contrast, patron-client facilities are offices or places that focus upon pleasing their clients because if they don’t, the patron will go to another facility to get their needs met. This brings us to the similarities and differences of the models of organized crime. These types of models are exceedingly important to understanding organized crime as each provides a wide-range of valuable information. Models just like theories can present what environmental locations are more likely to show signs of developmental progress of criminal organizations than other sites.This in return can be extremely useful in many ways as it allows law enforcement the ability to implement methods that will deter, prevent, detect, and apprehend individuals involved with illegal organizations and operations. Furthermore, law enforcement can educate society on crime prevention methods, and establish numerous anti-crime and awareness programs, such as neighborhood watch (Lyman, 2007). After carefully researching the patron-client and bureaucratic organization, one clearly c an see that legal and illegal organizations have one main purpose to profit.Each organization has numerous similarities and differences, but structuring both in such a fashion that there is always someone who is in charge of maintaining the organizations success. Models just like theories provide useful information to law enforcement, society, and professionals. Consider these models as tools that allow law enforcement and society an opportunity to protect assets while detecting, preventing, apprehending, and deterring the individual wrongdoer or a highly developed criminal organization.References Florida International University. (2007). Retrieved from http://chua2. fiu. edu/faculty/byrnesj/organizedweek1-1. htm Lyman, M. D. , & Potter, G. W. (2007). Organized crime (4th ed. ). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson/Prentice Hall. WeeKoh. (2009). Bureaucratic organization. Retrieved from http://weekoh. wordpress. com/2009/02/28/briefly-identify-the-main-features-of-bureaucratic-organizati ons-why-has-bureaucracy-been-accused-of-wiping-out-the-individual-responsibility-of-the-employee/

Placement Test Essay Samples - an in Depth Anaylsis on What Works and What Doesnt

Placement Test Essay Samples - an in Depth Anaylsis on What Works and What Doesn't Our books have Michigan English Test practice for every one of the pieces of the examination. It also supplies a review of material which is going to be on the test, to aid you accomplish your very best score. The speaking section can be an optional portion of the Michigan Battery. Get the Downloads You might be requested to take one or all the regions of the assessment. When you enroll in an English course (like developmental), you might not retest. Students who intend to enroll in dual enrollment classes. Worst of all, I still couldn't figure out what I had been doing wrong. You've got composition credit over a decade old. The Hidden Gem of Placement Test Essay Samples A. Leave it as it's now. On the flip side, communication with the warehouse staff was a great deal more difficult mainly because lots of them don't speak English. Observations The business is well organized with a rather motivated, hard-working and dedicated staff. I will not need to look after them. However, you must be certain to take this English test only when you're well prepared. A sample test is easy to get at TestPrep-Online. What About Placement Test Essay Samples? Battery usually means an examination includes more than 1 part. Students are instructed to compose an essay on one of these topics. However, not all students need to compose an essay as a portion of the English exam. The multiple choice portion consists of questions on a number of topics including, but not confined to, reading comprehension, grammar, vocabulary and research abilities. You merely use the mouse to click the answer. He or she'd learn the most affective methods of doing this. You've been placed into CO130 and believe you've got the writing skills and motivation needed to be successful in CO150. Regardless of what you're studying in college, fantastic writing skills are crucial. Please give reasons and explanations to strengthen your standpoint. The Placement Test Essay Samples Cover Up They'll help give you a concept of what things to expect on the true placement test. Each garment was made especially for each customer. Furthermore, there's also an interactive web based app that's available. Based on your placement, you're going to be given directions about how to register for classes. Please take a little time to consider the test descriptions below. This is something which is essential for most jobs. I decided to stop trying so hard. By doing things locally, the student would have to interact with many distinct individuals. This sort of essay writing will require that you use conditional sentence structures. If there's an error, pick the one underlined part that has to be changed in order to earn the sentence correct and blacken the corresponding space on your answer sheet. You are interested in having a great idea about what a sentence ought to have in order to be correct. You should look to realize that the sentence is grammatically accurate. The answers that you select should match the original significance of the sentence. Placement Test Essay Samples for Dummies Keep in mind, if you're late for your session that you'll need to reschedule. Recording, `Today in class we're going to discuss obtuse angles. In the event there's down time, I will have the ability to study. You will have to finish your test by closing time. After I failed the test the very first time, I started to hate writing, and I began to doubt myself. It's also administered in Europe. It's still given in some specific nations in South America. Due to this preparation, I managed to set up decent rapport with the export staff. Diftco exports construction equipment, and it is among the most lucrative firms in the area.

Bowlby s Theory On Infant s Failure Essay - 1969 Words

In his hypothesis, Bowlby believed in an infant s failure to attach to a primary caregiver (1952). First, the terms attachment and deprivation will be defined. Following that, a full definition of the theory, and then an attempt will be made to describe and understand the studies and the Bowlby s ideas describing the influences they generated. A full evaluation will be made of his deprivation hypothesis, including detailed criticisms of his theory (Bowlby, 1969). Finally, a conclusion will be drawn to show if Bowlby s deprivation hypothesis could still retain credibility. Bowlby Attachment Theory Findings from animal studies had a powerful influence on Edward John Mostyn Bowlby s thoughts. He suggested that there was a critical period for the development of attachments between infants and caregivers. According to Bowlby, children display an innate tendency to become attached to one particular individual (McLeod, 2009). He called this monotropy. He suggested this trend was qualitatively different from any subsequent attachment a child might form. However, he did not suggest that monotropy was absolute but that the child had a hierarchy of attachments. Bowlby thought that if a child were deprived of his or her mother between six months and five years of age, this would lead to difficulties in later life. The child would be unable to form attachments with others and would likely to turn to crime. Bowlby termed this as his maternal deprivation hypothesis. HeShow MoreRelatedBowlby s Theory Of Attachment Theory1644 Words   |  7 PagesBowlby s Attachment Theory Findings from animal studies were a powerful influence on Bowlby s thoughts. He suggested too that there was a critical period for the development of attachments between infant and care giver. According to Bowlby, children display an innate tendency to become attached to one particular individual. He called this monotropy. 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